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APEC and Poverty, Korean Government¡¯s repression on the poor


- Pat Horn, International Co-odinator of StreetNet International

I bring you greetings from StreetNet International, which represents just over 200 000
street vendors in 20 affiliated organizations in 18 countries in Africa, Latin America and
Asia.  StreetNet¡¯s Asian affiliates are in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the
Korean Street Vendors Confederation here in Korea – one of the host organizations of
this workshop.

StreetNet International represents that category of the poor who have been forced to try to
earn their living by selling on the streets and other public spaces –as globalization
and economic liberalisation force more and more formal workers out of the traditional
labour market into the informal economy.  Throughout the world, the number of street
vendors and other workers in the informal economy is increasing –even in countries
experiencing economic growth.  The majority of street vendors in the world are poor women
–many of them having become the main income-earners for large extended families whose
other source of income are disappearing with the loss of formal employment, declining
levels of social security,and the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS on the income-earning
capacity of poor families in the developing world.

However, traditionally street vendors and other workers in the informal economy have not
been well organized – nor have they been widely recognized as workers.Although they
have rights as workers,in theory, they do not enjoy the rights of workers to the freedom to
organize, access to income security and social security, and the right to statutory
representation in collective negotiations by their own democratically elected
representatives.  Thus they are always one of the first groups of the poor to be pushed
aside when governments need them to be out of sight.  National governments and City
authorities¡¯ view of "world class cities" seems to be a view which completely excludes the
poor – and campaigns to build "world class cities" seem to consist of crackdowns
against street vendors, evictions of the poor from their homes called "slum
clearance"programmes, and rounding up of street children.  During such operations, many of
the poor lose their meager livelihoods and their homes –thus exacerbating their
poverty and hardship.

The Korean Street Vendors Confederation made its first contact with StreetNet in India in
February 2002 at a time when Korean street vendors were concerned about the likelihood that
they would be evicted from their trading sites during the FIFAWorld Cup which was to take
place in Korea and Japan in June of that year.They appealed for international solidarity to
pressurize the Korean government and FIFA to avoid evicting street vendors from their
trading sites during the World Cup, and to instead enter into negotiations with street
vendors and their democratically elected representatives about ways in which the street
vendors, instead of losing their livelihoods, could in fact benefit (like many other
Koreans) from the fact that the FIFA World Cup would take place in Korea.

Accordingly, StreetNet and members of street vendors¡¯ organizations in 9 other Asian
countries put pressure on FIFA and the Korean government not to evict the Korean street
vendors or deny them their livelihoods during the FIFA World Cup.  This was the first such
international campaign involving street vendors as an organized group.

However, this problem continues every time a country is to host an international event or a
regional event (like this APEC meeting).  In 2004 the New Economic Programme for African
Development (NEPAD) was to hold one of its meetings in Maputo, the capital city of
Mocambique.  Prior to the meeting, the government of Mocambique and the City of Maputo
started putting money into developments and improvements.  StreetNet¡¯s Mocambican
affiliate, ASSOTSI (Associacao dos Operadores e Trabalhadores do Sector Informal)
approached the Mayor of Maputo about what would happen to the street vendors and informal
market vendors –and for the first time ever, negotiated about ways of making sure
that any relocated informal traders were provided with suitable alternative trading sites
so that all would continue to work and benefit from the visitors who came into the city
from other countries to attend the NEPAD meeting.

But unfortunately national and local government authorities are not always open to
negotiation.  Sometimes they are so keen to create their "world class cities" in the vain
hope of impressing potential investors, that they are not willing to negotiate with
organized street vendors or other organizations of the poor.  Apparently this was the case
here in Korea when the authorities were cracking down on street vendors in Pusan, removing
the livelihoods of 6000 street vendors in the process, and rounding up the homeless.

In the city I come from, Durban in South Africa, we saw a major crackdown against street
vendors in May this year.  There are 25 000 street vendors in Durban, but the City Council
decided to issue 872 permits to street vendors to trade in the city centre.  All other
street vendors were declared illegal, and the City Police started to arrest them and
confiscate their goods.  When this led to violent confrontations after street vendors
resisted being evicted, the City Council told the press that they were preparing to make
Durban into a "world class city"in time for the FIFA World Cup which will take place in
South Africa in 2010 !!

StreetNet intends to mount an international campaign to defend the livelihoods of street
vendors during the lead-up to all international and regional events.  The crackdowns
against street vendors have become a completely predictable part of the preparations for
such events.  It is time for street vendors of the world to go on the offensive and present
an internationally united front to governments hosting such events to demand their
assurances that they will not be throwing street vendors off the streets and out of work. 
During the next three-year plan of StreetNet (2006 – 2008) we will be building and
intensifying this international campaign.This will include the development of strategic
alliances with social movements working on the eradication of poverty, world trade and
global economic policy issues, in order to strengthen the capacity of global civil society
to make a significant impact on the lives of the working poor of the world.




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